M2
Grade Introduction:
Molybdenum high-speed steels are designated as Group M steels according to the AISI classification system. Over 95% of high-speed steels manufactured in the US are group M steels. Tungsten is present in all types from M1 to M10, except M6, and cobalt is not present in any of these steels. Molybdenum high-speed steels have similar performance when compared to tungsten high-speed steels. However, the initial cost of molybdenum tool steels is lower. Titanium nitride, titanium carbide, and several other coatings can be used in the tools made of this kind of steel through a physical vapor deposition process to improve the performance and life span of the tool.
Grade Application
The main use of high-speed steel continues to be in the manufacture of various cutting tools.
Typical applications for M2 high-speed steel are twist drills, reamers, broaching tools, taps, milling tools, metal saws. M2 is suitable for cold forming tools such as extrusion rams and dies, also widely used in all kinds of cutting tools, knife, and punches and die applications, plastic molds with elevated wear resistance, and screws.
Equivalent Grades
| Country | USA | German | Japan |
| Standard | ASTM A600 | DIN EN ISO 4957 | JIS G4403 |
| Grades | M2 | 1.3343 | SKH51 |
Addition to other grades
MS, EN1A, EN3B, EN8, EN8D, EN9, EN19, EN24, EN31, EN32B, EN36C, EN41B, EN43B, EN47, EN353, IS2062, 42Crmo4, HCHCR, D2, D3, H-11, H-13, CW-1, OHNS, M2, M35, M42, DIN1.2714, P20, P20+S, P20+Ni, SCM420, ASTMSA-36, ASTMSA-105, SAE1018, SAE4140, SAE8620, 16MNCR5, 20MNCR5, C20, C45, C50, C60, CK45, 20C8, 40C8, 45C8, 55C8, C55MN75, SAE52100, S40C, S355J2G3.
Our Supply Range
We supply to automotive ancillaries and OEM customers. The products we manufacture are used as input for manufacturing of automotive and general engineering components. These components are further assembled into systems fitted in automobiles and other engineering applications.
| Product Type | Size Range |
|---|---|
| Forged Round Bars | 140mm Dia to 850mm |
| Rolled Round Bars | 16mm Dia and above |
| Forged Flat Bars | Thickness: 32mm to 510mm, Width: 65mm to 1050mm |
| Rolled Flat Bars | Thickness: 6mm to 110mm, Width: 25mm to 510mm |
Chemical Composition
The following table shows the chemical composition of M2 steel:
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | V | Cu | W |
| Content (%) | 0.78-1.05 | 0.20-0.45 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.2-0.45 | 4.5-5.5 | 0.3 | 1.75-2.2 | 0.25 | 5.50-6.75 |
Heat Treatment
M2 tool steels are pre-heated prior to hardening at 2610°C (4730°F) followed by rapid heating from 2610°C (4730°F) to 3960°C (7160°F). These steels are then cooled for 3 to 5 min and quenched in air, salt bath, or oil.
Hardness
62
Hardening
Preheat the M2 in two steps; 450 – 500°C then 850 – 900°C. Then continue heating to the final hardening temperature of 1200 – 1250°C. Do not leave the steel too long at the hardening temperature. Quench in warm oil or brine to about 500°C then air cool down to room temperature.
Thermal Properties
The following table shows the thermal properties of M2 molybdenum high speed tool steels.
| Thermal properties | Metric | Imperial |
| CTE, linear (@20.0 – 100°C/ 68.0 – 212°F) | 10 μm/m°C | 5.56 μin/in°F |
| CTE, linear (@20.0 – 500°C/68.0 – 932°F) | 12.2 μm/m°C | 6.78 μin/in°F |
| CTE, linear (@20.0 – 850°C/68.0 – 1560°F) | 12.6 μm/m°C | 7 μin/in°F |
Forging Properties
Pre heat M2 HSS steel slowly and uniformly to 850-900°C. The heat should then be increased more quickly to the forging temperature of 1050-1150°C. If during the forging the temperature of the M2 high-speed tool steel material drops below 880-900°C, re-heating will be necessary. Cool the M2 steel component very slowly after forging.
Stress Relieving
Stress-relieving M2 is recommended after machining or grinding and before hardening to minimize the chance of distortion. Heat the component to 600 – 700°C and soak well (for approximately two hours), then cool in air.
Machinability
The shaping of M2 tool steels can be carried out using grinding methods. However, they have poor grinding capability and hence they are regarded as “medium” machinability tool steel under annealed conditions. The machinability of these steels is only 50% of that of the easily machinable W group or water hardening tool steels.
Welding
When welding on tool steel, preheat the part to 1100°F (600°C) and maintain this temperature during welding. Allow parts to cool slowly.
Density
| Physical properties | Metric | Imperial |
| Density | 8.16 g/cm3 | 0.294 lb/in3 |
Mechanical Properties
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
| Hardness, Rockwell C (tempered at 1150°F, quenched at 2200°F) | 62 | 62 |
| Hardness, Rockwell C (as hardened, quenched at 2200°F) | 65 | 65 |
| Compressive yield strength (when tempered at 300°F) | 3250 MPa | 471000 psi |
| Izod impact unnotched (when tempered at 300°F) | 67 J | 49.4 ft-lb |
| Abrasion (loss in mm3, as-hardened; ASTM G65) | 25.8 | 25.8 |
| Abrasion (loss in mm3, tempered at 1275°F; ASTM G65) | 77.7 | 77.7 |
| Poisson’s ratio | 0.27-0.30 | 0.27-0.30 |
| Elastic modulus | 190-210 GPa | 27557-30458 ksi |
Physical Properties
The physical properties of M2 molybdenum high-speed tool steel are given in the following table.
| Physical properties | Metric | Imperial |
| Density | 8.16 g/cm3 | 0.294 lb/in3 |
| Melting point | 4680°C | 2600°F |
Tempering
Heat the M2 to the required tempering temperature, hold at a temperature for at least two hours or one hour per 25 mm of thickness. Double tempering is recommended.
| Tempering °C | 500 | 550 | 600 | 650 |
| HRC | 64 | 65 | 64 | 61 |
Normalizing
Do Not Normalize.
Annealing
M2 tool steels are annealed at 1204°C (2200°F) and cooled at 72°C (162°F) per hour or even less.
Supply Cities
Ambattur, Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Dindigul, Guindy, Madurai, Nellore, Hyderabad, Tirupur, Tuticorin, Madurai, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Puducherry, Kerala, Kanyakumari, Telangana, Salem, Thanjavur, Trichy, Erode, Vellore, Karur, Nagercoil, Kanchipuram, Karaikudi, Pudukottai, Nagapattinam.
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