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Grade Introduction:
SAE 8620 Alloy Steel is a low alloy nickel, chromium, molybdenum case hardening steel, generally supplied in the as rolled condition with a maximum hardness HB 255max. SAE 8620  alloy steel offers high external strength and good internal strength, making it highly wear resistant. SAE 8620 steel has a higher core strength than grades 8615 and 8617.
SAE 8620 alloy steel is flexible during hardening treatments, thus enabling improvement of case/core properties. Pre hardened and tempered (uncarbonized) 8620 can be further surface hardened by nitriding but will not respond satisfactorily to flame or induction hardening due to its low carbon content. SAE 8620 alloy steel is suited for applications which require a combination of toughness and wear resistance. This grade is commonly supplied in round bar.
 
Grade Application:
The SAE 8620 can be used for a number of medium-strength applications such as camshafts, fasteners, gears, and chains/chain pins.
 
Equivalent grades:
USA
DIN
BS
BS
JAPAN
ASTM A29
DIN 1654
EN 10084
BS 970
JIS G4103
8620
1.6523/21NiCrMo2
1.6523/21NiCrMo2-2
805M20
SNCM220
 
Addition to other grades:
MS, EN1a, EN3b, EN8, EN8D, EN9, EN19, EN24, EN31, EN32B, EN36C, EN41B, EN43B, En47, EN353, IS2062, HCHCR, D2, D3, H-11, H-13, CW-1, OHNS, M2, M35, M42, 2714, SKD-11, P20, P20+s, P20+Ni, ASTM Sa-36, ASTM SA-105, SAE 1018, SCM420, SAE 8620, 42CRMO4, 16MNCR5, 20MNCR5, C20, C35, C40, C45, C50, C60, CK45, 20C8, 40C8, 45C8, 55C8, C55MN75, SAE52100, S40C, S355J2G3.
 
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Chemical composition:
The following table shows the chemical composition of SAE8620 steel:
Standard
Grade
C
Mn
P
S
Si
Ni
Cr
Mo
ASTM A29
8620
0.18-0.23
0.7-0.9
0.035
0.040
0.15-0.35
0.4-0.7
0.4-0.6
0.15-0.25
DIN 1654
1.6523/
21NiCrMo2
0.17-0.23
0.65-0.95
0.035
0.035
≦0.40
0.4-0.7
0.4-0.7
0.15-0.25
EN 10084
1.6523/
21NiCrMo2-2
0.17-0.23
0.65-0.95
0.025
0.035
≦0.40
0.4-0.7
0.35-0.70
0.15-0.25
JIS G4103
SNCM220
0.17-0.23
0.6-0.9
0.030
0.030
0.15-0.35
0.4-0.7
0.4-0.65
0.15-0.3
BS 970
805M20
0.17-0.23
0.6-095
0.040
0.050
0.1-0.4
0.35-0.75
0.35-0.65
0.15-0.25
 
Mechanical Properties:
Properties
Metric
Imperial
Tensile strength
530 MPa
76900 psi
Yield strength
385 MPa
55800 psi
Elastic modulus
190-210 GPa
27557-30458 ksi
Bulk modulus (typical for steel)
140 GPa
20300 ksi
Shear modulus (typical for steel)
80 GPa
11600 ksi
Poisson’s ratio
0.27-0.30
0.27-0.30
Izod Impact
115 J
84.8 ft.lb
Hardness, Brinell
149
149
Hardness, Knoop (converted from Brinell hardness)
169
169
Hardness, Rockwell B (converted from Brinell hardness)
80
80
Hardness, Vickers (converted from Brinell hardness)
155
155
Machinability (hot rolled and cold drawn, based on 100 machinability for AISI 1212 steel)
65
65
 
Hardness:
149
 
Heat treatment:
This alloy may be hardened by heating to 1500 F followed by a water quench. Carburize at 1650 to 1700 F in an appropriate carburizing medium and oil quench to harden. Improved carburized case and core properties can be obtained by furnace cooling from carburizing at 1650 – 1700 F and then reheating to 1575 F.
 
Hardening:
The AISI steel 8620 will be austenitized at around 840°C – 870°C, and oil or water quenched depending upon section size and intricacy. Cool in Air or Oil required.
 
Tempering:
Tempering of heat treated and water quenched parts of  SAE 8620 steels (not carburized) is done at 400 F to 1300 F to improve case toughness with minimal effect on its hardness. This will also reduce the possibility of grinding cracks.
 
Physical Properties:
The physical properties of  SAE 8620 alloy steel are highlighted in the following table.
Properties
Metric
Imperial
Density
7.85 g/cm3
0.284 lb/in³
Thermal Properties:
Properties
Metric
Imperial
Thermal conductivity
46.6 W/mK
323 BTU in/hr.ft².°F
 
Forging Properties:
SAE 8620 alloy steel is forged at a start temperature of around 2250ºF (1230ºC) down to approximately 1700ºF(925ºC.) prior to the hardening heat treatment or carburizing. The alloy is air cooled after forging.
 
Stress Reliving: 
 
Normalizing:
1675ºF (910ºC) and air cool. This is another method of improving machinability in 8620 material; normalizing might also be used prior to case hardening.
 
Annealing:
AISI 8620 steel may be given a full anneal by heat to 820℃ – 850℃, and hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section and cool in furnace or air cooled.
 
Density:
Density (lb / cu. in.) 0.283
 
Machine ability:
The SAE 8620 alloy steel is readily machined after heat treatment and/or carburizing, should be at a minimum so as not to impair the hardened case of the part. Machining may be done by conventional means prior to heat treatment – after carburizing machining is usually limited to grinding.
 
Welding:
The alloy SAE 8620 may be welded as rolled condition by conventional methods, usually gas or arc welding. Preheating at 400 F is beneficial and subsequent heating after welding is recommended – consult the approved weld procedure for the method used.
 
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